Chapter 2 - The Law of Club and Fang


Buck's first day on the Dyea beach was like a nightmare. Every hour  was filled  with  shock  and  surprise. He had  been  suddenly jerked  from  the heart  of civilization and  flung  into  the  heart  of  things primordial. No lazy,  sun-kissed life was  this,  with  nothing to do  but  loaf and  be bored. Here was  neither peace,  nor  rest,  nor  a moment's safety.  All was  confu- sion and action, and every moment life and limb were in peril. There was imperative need  to be constantly alert;  for these  dogs and  men  were  not town  dogs  and  men.  They  were  savages, all of them,  who  knew  no law but the law of club and fang.
He had  never  seen  dogs  fight  as these  wolfish  creatures fought, and his first experience taught him  an unforgetable lesson.  It is true,  it was  a vicarious experience, else he would not  have  lived  to profit  by it. Curly  was  the  victim.  They  were  camped near  the  log store,  where she,  in her friendly  way,  made advances to a husky dog  the  size  of a full-grown wolf, though not half so large  as she. There  was  no warning, only  a leap in like  a  flash,  a  metallic   clip  of  teeth,  a  leap  out  equally  swift,  and Curly's face was ripped open  from eye to jaw.
It was  the  wolf  manner of fighting, to strike  and  leap  away;  but  there  was more  to it than  this. Thirty  or forty  huskies ran  to the spot  and  sur- rounded the combatants in an intent  and  silent  circle. Buck did  not com- prehend that  silent  intentness, nor  the  eager  way  with  which  they  were licking their  chops.  Curly  rushed her  antagonist, who  struck  again  and leaped aside.  He  met  her  next rush with  his  chest,  in a peculiar fashion  that  tumbled her  off her  feet. She never  regained them,  This was  what  the onlooking huskies had  waited for. They closed  in upon her, snarling and  yelping,  and  she  was  buried, screaming with  agony,  beneath the bristling mass of bodies.
So sudden was  it, and  so unexpected, that  Buck was  taken  aback.  He saw Spitz run  out his scarlet  tongue in a way  he had  of laughing; and  he saw  Francois,  swinging an axe, spring into  the mess  of dogs.  Three  men with  clubs  were  helping him  to  scatter  them.  It did  not  take  long.  Two minutes from  the  time Curly  went  down, the  last  of her  assailants were clubbed off. But she  lay  there  limp  and  lifeless  in the  bloody, trampled snow,  almost  literally torn  to pieces,  the  swart half-breed standing over her and cursing horribly. The  scene  often  came  back  to Buck to trouble him in his sleep. So that  was the way.  No fair play.  Once down, that  was the end  of you.  Well, he would see to it that  he never  went down. Spitz ran out his tongue and  laughed again,  and  from that moment Buck hated him with a bitter and deathless hatred.
Before he  had  recovered from  the  shock  caused by the  tragic  passing of Curly,  he received another shock.  Francois  fastened upon him  an  ar- rangement of straps and  buckles.  It was  a harness, such  as he had  seen the grooms put  on the horses  at home.  And  as he had  seen horses work, so  he  was  set  to  work,  hauling Francois   on  a  sled  to  the  forest  that fringed the  valley,  and  returning with  a load  of firewood. Though his dignity was  sorely  hurt  by thus  being  made a  draught animal, he was too wise  to rebel.  He buckled down with  a will and  did  his best, though it was all new and  strange. Francois  was stern,  demanding instant obedi-  ence, and  by virtue of his whip receiving instant obedience; while  Dave, who was an experienced wheeler, nipped Buck's hind quarters whenever he was in error.  Spitz was the leader,  likewise  experienced, and  while  he could not always get at Buck, he growled sharp reproof now  and  again,  or cunningly threw his weight in the traces  to jerk Buck into  the way  he should go. Buck learned easily,  and  under the  combined tuition  of his two mates  and  Francois  made remarkable progress. Ere they  returned to camp he  knew  enough to stop  at "ho," to go ahead at "mush,"  to swing  wide  on the  bends, and  to keep  clear  of the  wheeler when the  loaded sled shot downhill at their heels.
"T'ree vair'  good  dogs,"  Francois  told  Perrault. "Dat  Buck,  heem  pool lak hell. I tich heem queek as anyt'ing."
By afternoon, Perrault, who  was  in a hurry to be on the  trail  with  his despatches, returned with  two  more  dogs.  "Billee" and  "Joe" he  called them,   two  brothers, and   true   huskies both.   Sons  of  the  one  mother though they  were,  they  were  as  different as  day  and  night.  Billee's  one fault  was  his  excessive  good  nature, while  Joe was  the  very  opposite, sour  and  introspective, with  a perpetual snarl  and  a malignant eye. Buck received them  in  comradely fashion,   Dave  ignored them,  while  Spitz proceeded to  thrash first  one  and  then  the  other.  Billee wagged his  tail appeasingly, turned  to  run  when he  saw  that  appeasement was  of no avail,  and  cried  (still appeasingly) when Spitz's  sharp teeth  scored  his flank. But no matter how Spitz circled, Joe whirled around on his heels to face him,  mane  bristling, ears  laid  back, lips writhing and  snarling, jaws clipping together as fast  as he  could  snap,  and  eyes diabolically gleam- ing—the incarnation of belligerent fear. So terrible was  his appearance that  Spitz  was  forced  to forego  disciplining him;  but  to cover  his own discomfiture  he  turned  upon  the  inoffensive  and   wailing  Billee  and drove him to the confines  of the camp.
By evening Perrault secured another dog,  an old husky, long  and  lean and  gaunt, with  a  battle-scarred face and  a single  eye which  flashed a warning of prowess that  commanded respect.  He  was  called  Sol-leks, which  means the Angry One. Like Dave, he asked  nothing, gave nothing, expected nothing; and  when he  marched slowly  and  deliberately into their midst,  even Spitz left him alone. He had one peculiarity which  Buck was unlucky enough to discover. He did not like to be approached on his blind  side.  Of  this  offence  Buck  was  unwittingly guilty,  and  the  first knowledge  he had  of his indiscretion was  when Sol-leks whirled upon him  and  slashed his shoulder to the bone  for three  inches  up  and  down. Forever  after  Buck avoided his  blind  side,  and  to  the last of their  com- radeship had  no more  trouble. His  only  apparent ambition, like Dave's,  was  to  be  left  alone;  though, as  Buck was  afterward to  learn,  each  of them  possessed one other  and even more vital ambition.
That  night   Buck  faced  the  great   problem of  sleeping. The  tent,  il- lumined by a candle, glowed warmly in the midst of the white  plain; and when he, as a matter of course,  entered it, both  Perrault and  Francois bombarded him  with  curses  and  cooking  utensils, till he recovered from his  consternation and  fled  ignominiously into  the  outer   cold.  A  chill wind  was  blowing that  nipped him sharply and  bit with  especial  venom into his wounded shoulder. He lay down on the snow  and attempted to sleep,  but  the  frost  soon  drove him  shivering to his  feet.  Miserable and disconsolate, he wandered about  among the many  tents, only to find that one  place  was  as cold  as another. Here  and  there  savage  dogs  rushed upon him,  but  he bristled his neck-hair and  snarled (for he was learning fast), and they let him go his way unmolested.
Finally an idea  came  to him.  He would return and  see how  his own team-mates  were   making  out.   To  his  astonishment,  they   had   disap- peared. Again  he  wandered about  through the  great camp,  looking for them,  and  again  he  returned. Were  they  in the  tent?  No,  that  could  not be, else he would not have  been driven out. Then where could  they  pos- sibly be? With  drooping tail and shivering body,  very  forlorn indeed, he aimlessly circled  the tent.  Suddenly the snow  gave  way beneath his fore legs and  he  sank  down. Something wriggled under his  feet.  He  sprang back, bristling and  snarling, fearful  of the unseen and  unknown. But a friendly little  yelp  reassured him,  and  he  went  back  to  investigate. A whiff  of warm air ascended to his nostrils, and  there,  curled up  under the snow  in a snug  ball, lay Billee. He whined placatingly, squirmed and wriggled to show  his good  will and  intentions, and  even  ventured, as a bribe for peace, to lick Buck's face with his warm wet tongue.
Another lesson.  So that  was  the way  they  did  it, eh? Buck confidently selected  a spot,  and with much  fuss and  waste  effort  proceeded to dig  a hole  for  himself.  In  a trice  the  heat  from  his  body  filled  the  confined space and  he was  asleep.  The day  had  been  long  and  arduous, and  he slept  soundly and   comfortably, though  he  growled and   barked and wrestled with bad dreams.
Nor did  he open  his eyes till roused by the noises  of the waking camp. At first he did  not  know where he was.  It had  snowed during the  night  and  he  was  completely buried. The snow  walls  pressed him  on  every side,  and  a great  surge  of fear  swept through him—the fear  of the  wild thing for the  trap.  It was  a token  that  he  was  harking back  through his own  life to the  lives  of his forebears; for he  was  a civilized dog,  an  un- duly  civilized dog, and  of his own experience knew  no trap  and  so could  not  of himself  fear  it. The muscles of his whole  body  contracted spas- modically and  instinctively, the hair  on his neck and  shoulders stood  on end,  and  with  a ferocious snarl  he bounded straight up  into the blinding day,  the snow  flying  about  him in a flashing cloud.  Ere he landed on his feet, he saw  the  white  camp  spread out  before  him  and  knew  where he was  and  remembered all that  had  passed from  the  time  he went  for a stroll with Manuel to the hole he had dug  for himself  the night  before.
A shout from  Francois  hailed  his  appearance. "Wot I say?" the  dog- driver cried to Perrault. "Dat Buck for sure learn queek  as anyt'ing."
Perrault nodded gravely. As  courier for  the  Canadian Government, bearing important  despatches, he was  anxious to secure  the  best  dogs, and he was particularly gladdened by the possession of Buck.
Three more  huskies were  added to the team  inside  an hour,  making a total of nine,  and  before  another quarter of an  hour  had  passed they were in harness and  swinging up  the trail toward the Dyea Canon.  Buck was glad  to be gone,  and  though the work  was hard he found he did  not particularly despise it. He was  surprised at the  eagerness which  anim-  ated  the whole  team and which was communicated to him; but still more surprising was the change wrought in Dave and Sol-leks. They were new dogs,  utterly transformed by the harness. All passiveness and  unconcern had  dropped from  them.  They  were  alert  and  active,  anxious that  the work should go well,  and  fiercely  irritable with  whatever, by delay  or confusion, retarded that  work.  The toil of the traces seemed the supreme expression of their  being, and  all that they lived  for and  the only thing  in which they took delight.
Dave was  wheeler or sled  dog,  pulling in front  of him  was  Buck, then came  Sol-leks;  the  rest of the  team  was  strung out  ahead, single  file, to the leader,  which  position was filled by Spitz.
Buck had  been purposely placed between Dave and  Sol-leks so that  he might receive  instruction. Apt scholar  that  he was, they were  equally apt teachers, never  allowing him  to linger  long  in error, and  enforcing their teaching with  their  sharp teeth.  Dave  was  fair  and  very  wise.  He  never  nipped  Buck  without cause,  and  he  never  failed  to  nip  him  when he stood  in need  of it. As Francois's whip backed him  up,  Buck found it to be cheaper to mend his ways  than  to retaliate. Once,  during a brief halt, when he got  tangled in the  traces  and  delayed the  start,  both  Dave  and Sol- leks flew at him  and  administered a sound trouncing. The resulting tangle was  even  worse,  but  Buck took  good care to keep  the traces  clear thereafter; and  ere the day  was  done,  so well had  he mastered his work, his mates  about  ceased  nagging him.  Francois's whip  snapped less fre- quently, and  Perrault even honored Buck by lifting  up  his feet and  care- fully examining them.
It was  a hard day's  run,  up  the Canon,  through Sheep  Camp,  past  the Scales and  the  timber line,  across  glaciers  and  snowdrifts hundreds of feet deep,  and  over  the great  Chilcoot  Divide,  which stands between the salt  water and  the  fresh  and  guards forbiddingly the  sad  and  lonely North.  They  made good  time  down the  chain  of lakes  which  fills the craters   of  extinct  volcanoes, and  late  that  night   pulled into  the  huge  camp  at the head  of Lake Bennett,  where thousands of goldseekers were building boats  against the  break-up of the  ice in the  spring. Buck made his hole in the snow  and  slept  the sleep  of the exhausted just, but  all too early was  routed out  in the cold darkness and  harnessed with  his mates  to the sled.
That day  they  made forty  miles,  the  trail  being  packed; but  the  next day,  and  for many  days  to  follow,  they  broke  their  own  trail,  worked harder, and  made poorer time.  As a rule,  Perrault travelled ahead of the team,  packing the  snow  with  webbed shoes  to  make  it easier  for  them. Francois,  guiding the  sled  at the  gee- pole,  sometimes exchanged places with  him,  but  not  often. Perrault was  in a hurry, and  he prided himself  on his knowledge of ice, which  knowledge was indispensable, for the fall ice was  very  thin,  and  where there  was  swift  water,  there  was  no ice at all.
Day after  day,  for days  unending, Buck toiled  in the traces.  Always,  they  broke  camp  in the dark, and  the first gray  of dawn found them  hit- ting  the  trail  with  fresh  miles  reeled  off behind them.  And  always they pitched camp  after dark,  eating  their  bit of fish, and  crawling to sleep in- to the snow.  Buck was  ravenous. The pound and  a half of sun-dried sal- mon,  which  was  his ration for each day,  seemed to go nowhere. He nev- er had  enough, and  suffered from  perpetual hunger pangs. Yet the other  dogs,  because they  weighed less  and  were  born  to the  life, received a pound only of the fish and managed to keep in good condition.
He swiftly  lost the fastidiousness which  had  characterized his old life. A dainty eater,  he found that  his mates,  finishing first, robbed him of his unfinished ration. There  was  no defending it. While he was  fighting off two or three,  it was disappearing down the throats of the others.  To rem- edy this, he ate as fast as they; and, so greatly did hunger compel  him, he was  not  above  taking   what   did  not  belong   to  him.  He  watched and learned. When he saw Pike, one of the new dogs, a clever malingerer and thief, slyly steal a slice of bacon  when Perrault's back was  turned, he du- plicated the performance the following day, getting away  with  the whole  chunk. A great  uproar was  raised,  but he was  unsuspected; while  Dub, an awkward blunderer who  was  always getting caught, was  punished for Buck's misdeed.
This first  theft  marked Buck as fit to survive in the  hostile  Northland environment. It marked his adaptability, his capacity to adjust himself  to changing conditions, the lack of which  would have meant swift  and  ter- rible  death. It marked, further, the  decay  or going  to pieces  of his moral  nature, a vain thing  and  a handicap in the ruthless struggle for existence.  It was  all well  enough in the Southland, under the  law  of love  and  fel- lowship, to  respect private property and  personal  feelings;  but  in  the Northland, under the law of club and  fang,  whoso took  such  things into account was  a fool, and  in so far  as he  observed them  he  would fail to prosper.
Not that  Buck reasoned it out.  He  was  fit, that  was  all, and  uncon- sciously  he accommodated himself  to the new  mode  of life. All his days, no matter what  the  odds,  he had  never  run  from  a fight. But the  club of the man  in the red sweater had  beaten into him a more  fundamental and primitive code.  Civilized, he could  have  died  for a moral  consideration, say the  defence  of Judge  Miller's  riding-whip; but  the  completeness of his  decivilization was  now  evidenced by  his  ability  to  flee  from  the defence  of a moral  consideration and  so save  his  hide.  He  did  not  steal for joy of it, but  because  of the  clamor  of his stomach. He did  not  rob openly, but stole secretly  and  cunningly, out of respect for club and  fang. In short,  the  things he  did  were  done  because it was  easier  to  do  them  than  not to do them.
His development (or  retrogression) was  rapid. His  muscles became  hard as iron, and  he grew callous  to all ordinary pain. He achieved an in- ternal  as  well  as  external economy. He  could  eat  anything, no  matter how  loathsome or indigestible; and,  once eaten,  the juices of his stomach extracted the  last  least  particle of nutriment; and  his  blood  carried it to the farthest reaches  of his body,  building it into the toughest and  stoutest of tissues.  Sight  and  scent  became  remarkably keen,  while  his  hearing developed such  acuteness that  in his sleep  he heard the faintest  sound and  knew whether it heralded peace  or peril.  He  learned to bite  the  ice out  with  his teeth  when it collected between his toes;  and  when he was thirsty and  there  was  a thick  scum  of ice over  the  water hole, he would break  it by rearing and  striking it with  stiff fore legs. His most  conspicu- ous  trait  was  an ability  to  scent  the  wind  and  forecast  it a night  in  ad- vance.  No matter how  breathless the air when he dug  his nest  by tree or bank,   the   wind   that   later   blew   inevitably  found  him   to   leeward, sheltered and snug.
And  not  only  did  he  learn  by  experience, but  instincts long  dead be- came  alive  again.  The domesticated generations fell from  him.  In vague ways  he remembered back to the youth of the breed, to the time the wild dogs  ranged in packs  through the  primeval forest  and  killed  their  meat as they  ran  it down. It was  no task  for him  to learn  to fight  with  cut and slash  and  the  quick  wolf snap.  In this  manner had  fought forgotten an- cestors.  They quickened the old life within him, and the old tricks which  they  had  stamped into  the  heredity of the  breed  were  his tricks.  They came to him without effort or discovery, as though they  had  been his al- ways.  And  when,  on the still cold  nights,  he pointed his nose  at a star and   howled long  and   wolflike,   it  was  his  ancestors, dead  and  dust,  pointing nose  at  star   and   howling down  through  the  centuries  and through him.  And his cadences were  their  cadences, the cadences which  voiced  their  woe and  what  to them  was the meaning of the stiffness,  and the cold, and dark.
Thus, as token  of what  a puppet thing  life is, the  ancient song  surged through him and  he came into his own  again;  and  he came because men had  found a  yellow   metal  in  the  North, and  because  Manuel was  gardener's helper whose wages  did  not  lap  over  the  needs  of his wife and divers small copies of himself.